Thiruvananthapuram also known as Trivandrum, is the capital city of the Indian state of Kerala. It is the largest and the most populous city in Kerala and the fifth largest urban agglomeration in Kerala. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland.
Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the "evergreen city of India", the city is characterised by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills and busy commercial alleys. The city with a population of 957,730 inhabitants is the largest in Kerala. Thiruvananthapuram contributes 80% of the state's software exports and is a major IT hub.The city is home to central and state government offices and organisations. Apart from being the political nerve centre of Kerala, it is also an academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the University of Kerala, and to many science and technology institutions, the most prominent being the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), College of Engineering Thiruvananthapuram (CET), Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering (SCTCE),the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Technopark, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), the Centre for Development Studies, the Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT), the National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, the International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS), the Centre for Earth Science Studies, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology and the Sree Chitira Thirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology. Considered one of the 10 greenest cities in India, Thiruvananthapuram is classified as a tier-II Indian city along with Kochi and was ranked as the best city in Kerala to live in a 2012 Times of India survey. The city is also ranked as the best city in India for Housing and Transport by a survey conducted by India Today. The city gets its name from the Malayalam word thiru-anantha-puram IPA:, meaning the "City of Lord Ananta". The name derives from the deity of the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple at the centre of the city. Anantha is the serpent Shesha on whom Padmanabha or Vishnu reclines. This temple of Vishnu reclining on Anantha remains the iconic landmark of the city. It is estimated that the value of the monumental items and assets of the temple partially revealed are close to 1000 billion (US$15 billion), making it the richest temple in the world. The city was officially referred to as Trivandrum until 1991, when the government decided to reinstate the city's original name Thiruvananthapuram. Thiruvananthapuram is an ancient region with trading traditions dating back to 1000 BCE. It is believed that the ships of King Solomon landed in a port called Ophir (now Poovar) in Thiruvananthapuram in 1036 BCE. The city was the trading post of spices, sandalwood and ivory. However, the ancient political and cultural history of the city was almost entirely independent from that of the rest of Kerala. The early rulers of the city were the Ays. With their fall in the 10th century, the city was taken over by the rulers of Venad.The rise of modern Thiruvananthapuram began with accession of Marthanda Varma in 1729 as the founding ruler of the princely state of Travancore (Thiruvithamkoor in the local vernacular). Thiruvananthapuram was made the capital of Travancore in 1745 after shifting the capital from Padmanabhapuram in Kanyakumari district. The city developed into a major intellectual and artistic centre during this period. The golden age in the city's history was during the mid 19th century under the reign of Maharaja Swathi Thirunal and Maharaja Ayilyam Thirunal. This era saw the establishment of the first English school (1834), the Observatory (1837), the General Hospital (1839), the Oriental Research Institute & Manuscripts Library and the University College (1873). The first mental hospital in the state was started during the same period. Sanskrit College, Ayurveda College, Law College and a second grade college for women were started by Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924).The early 20th century was an age of tremendous political and social changes in the city. The Sree Moolam Assembly, established in 1904, was the first democratically elected legislative council in any Indian state. Despite not being under direct control of the British Empire at any time, the city featured prominently in India's freedom struggle. The Indian National Congress had a very active presence in Thiruvananthapuram. A meeting of the Indian National Congress presided by Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramaiah was held here in 1938.The Thiruvananthapuram Municipality came into existence in 1920. The municipality was converted into a Corporation on 30 October 1940, during the period of Chitra Thirunal Bala Rama Varma, who took over in 1931. The city witnessed many-sided progress during his period. The promulgation of "Temple Entry Proclamation" (1936) was an act that underlined social emancipation. This era also saw the establishment of the University of Travancore in 1937, which later became Kerala University.With the end of the British rule in 1947, Travancore chose to join the Indian union,after toying with the idea of independence till as late as 1949. In fact, it had declared itself to be independent on 18 June 1947. An assassination attempt on the Dewan, Sir C P Ramaswamy Iyer and his exit turned the tables on the votaries of an "American Model" Travancore. The first popular ministry headed by Pattom Thanu Pillai was installed in office on 24 March 1948. In 1949, Thiruvananthapuram became the capital of Thiru-Kochi, the state formed by the integration of Travancore with its northern neighbour Kochi,which incidentally was the first princely state to accede to the Indian Union.The king of Travancore, Chitra Thirunal Bala Rama Varma, became the Rajpramukh of the Travancore-Cochin Union from 1 July 1949 until 31 October 1956. When the state of Kerala was formed on 1 November 1956, Thiruvananthapuram became its capital.With the establishment of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) in 1962, Thiruvananthapuram became the cradle of India's ambitious space programme. The first Indian space rocket was developed and launched from the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in the outskirts of the city in 1963. Several establishments of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) were later established in Thiruvananthapuram.A major milestone in the city's recent history was the establishment of Technopark—India's first IT park—in 1995. Technopark has developed into the largest IT park in India in geographical area, employing around 48,000 people in 300 companies. This placed Thiruvananthapuram on the IT map of India
Thiruvananthapuram also known as Trivandrum, is the capital city of the Indian state of Kerala. It is the largest and the most populous city in Kerala and the fifth largest urban agglomeration in Kerala.
Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the "evergreen city of India", the city is characterised by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills and busy commercial alleys. The city with a population of 957,730 inhabitants is the largest in Kerala. Thiruvananthapuram contributes 80% of the state's software exports and is a major IT hub.The city is home to central and state government offices and organisations. Apart from being the political nerve centre of Kerala, it is also an academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the University of Kerala, and to many science and technology institutions, the most prominent being the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), College of Engineering Thiruvananthapuram (CET), Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering (SCTCE),the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Technopark, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), the Centre for Development Studies, the Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT), the National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, the International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS), the Centre for Earth Science Studies, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology and the Sree Chitira Thirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology. Considered one of the 10 greenest cities in India, Thiruvananthapuram is classified as a tier-II Indian city along with Kochi and was ranked as the best city in Kerala to live in a 2012 Times of India survey. The city is also ranked as the best city in India for Housing and Transport by a survey conducted by India Today. The city gets its name from the Malayalam word thiru-anantha-puram IPA:, meaning the "City of Lord Ananta". The name derives from the deity of the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple at the centre of the city. Anantha is the serpent Shesha on whom Padmanabha or Vishnu reclines. This temple of Vishnu reclining on Anantha remains the iconic landmark of the city. It is estimated that the value of the monumental items and assets of the temple partially revealed are close to 1000 billion (US$15 billion), making it the richest temple in the world. The city was officially referred to as Trivandrum until 1991, when the government decided to reinstate the city's original name Thiruvananthapuram. Thiruvananthapuram is an ancient region with trading traditions dating back to 1000 BCE. It is believed that the ships of King Solomon landed in a port called Ophir (now Poovar) in Thiruvananthapuram in 1036 BCE. The city was the trading post of spices, sandalwood and ivory. However, the ancient political and cultural history of the city was almost entirely independent from that of the rest of Kerala. The early rulers of the city were the Ays. With their fall in the 10th century, the city was taken over by the rulers of Venad.The rise of modern Thiruvananthapuram began with accession of Marthanda Varma in 1729 as the founding ruler of the princely state of Travancore (Thiruvithamkoor in the local vernacular). Thiruvananthapuram was made the capital of Travancore in 1745 after shifting the capital from Padmanabhapuram in Kanyakumari district. The city developed into a major intellectual and artistic centre during this period. The golden age in the city's history was during the mid 19th century under the reign of Maharaja Swathi Thirunal and Maharaja Ayilyam Thirunal. This era saw the establishment of the first English school (1834), the Observatory (1837), the General Hospital (1839), the Oriental Research Institute & Manuscripts Library and the University College (1873). The first mental hospital in the state was started during the same period. Sanskrit College, Ayurveda College, Law College and a second grade college for women were started by Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924).The early 20th century was an age of tremendous political and social changes in the city. The Sree Moolam Assembly, established in 1904, was the first democratically elected legislative council in any Indian state. Despite not being under direct control of the British Empire at any time, the city featured prominently in India's freedom struggle. The Indian National Congress had a very active presence in Thiruvananthapuram. A meeting of the Indian National Congress presided by Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramaiah was held here in 1938.The Thiruvananthapuram Municipality came into existence in 1920. The municipality was converted into a Corporation on 30 October 1940, during the period of Chitra Thirunal Bala Rama Varma, who took over in 1931. The city witnessed many-sided progress during his period. The promulgation of "Temple Entry Proclamation" (1936) was an act that underlined social emancipation. This era also saw the establishment of the University of Travancore in 1937, which later became Kerala University.With the end of the British rule in 1947, Travancore chose to join the Indian union,after toying with the idea of independence till as late as 1949. In fact, it had declared itself to be independent on 18 June 1947. An assassination attempt on the Dewan, Sir C P Ramaswamy Iyer and his exit turned the tables on the votaries of an "American Model" Travancore. The first popular ministry headed by Pattom Thanu Pillai was installed in office on 24 March 1948. In 1949, Thiruvananthapuram became the capital of Thiru-Kochi, the state formed by the integration of Travancore with its northern neighbour Kochi,which incidentally was the first princely state to accede to the Indian Union.The king of Travancore, Chitra Thirunal Bala Rama Varma, became the Rajpramukh of the Travancore-Cochin Union from 1 July 1949 until 31 October 1956. When the state of Kerala was formed on 1 November 1956, Thiruvananthapuram became its capital.With the establishment of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) in 1962, Thiruvananthapuram became the cradle of India's ambitious space programme. The first Indian space rocket was developed and launched from the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in the outskirts of the city in 1963. Several establishments of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) were later established in Thiruvananthapuram.A major milestone in the city's recent history was the establishment of Technopark—India's first IT park—in 1995. Technopark has developed into the largest IT park in India in geographical area, employing around 48,000 people in 300 companies. This placed Thiruvananthapuram on the IT map of India
Trivandrum International Airport
Trivandrum International Airport (IATA: TRV, ICAO: VOTV) is in Thiruvananthapuram and is the first airport in the state of Kerala, India. It was the fifth international airport of India declared by then Prime Minister Shri V.P. Singh in 1991. TIA is considered an "all weather" airport and is ISO 9001-2000 certified.
The Trivandrum International (TRV) airport terminal is approximately 3.7 km (2.3 mi) due west from the city centre,16 km (9.9 mi) from Kovalam beach, 13 km (8.1 mi) from Technopark Thiruvananthapuram and 21 km (13 mi) from the proposed Vizhinjam International Seaport spread over an area of 750 acres (300 ha). Trivandrum airport being strategically located at the southern tip of Indian subcontinent, it serves as shortest hopping point from India to Sri Lanka and Maldives and thus preferred airport for international tourists. There are flights to Middle eastern and South eastern countries from here. If flights are introduced to South Africa, Australia and others in Southern Hemisphere from Thiruvananthapuram, it would provide the shortest distance journey from India.
Trivandrum International Airport operates two terminals. Terminal 1 handles all domestic flight operations and Terminal 2 handles international flight operations.
In addition to civil operations, Trivandrum Airport caters to the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Coast Guard for their strategic operations. IAF have an exclusive apron to handle all their operations. Trivandrum airport also caters to the Rajiv Gandhi Academy for Aviation Technology which carries out pilot training activities.
Trivandrum International Airport is equipped with a Maintenance,repair & overhaul unit — MRO consisting of twin hangars for servicing B737 type aircraft and a focus city for Air India.
| Airlines | Destinations | Terminal |
|---|---|---|
| Air Arabia | Sharjah | International |
| Air India | Bangalore, Chennai, Mumbai | Domestic |
| Air India | Delhi, Kochi, Malé, Riyadh, Sharjah | International |
| Air India Express | Abu Dhabi, Chennai , Dubai-International, Kochi, Kozhikode, Mumbai, Muscat, Salalah, Sharjah | International |
| Air Pegasus | Bangalore, Mangalore | Domestic |
| Emirates | Dubai-International | International |
| Etihad Airways | Abu Dhabi | International |
| flydubai | Dubai-International | International |
| Gulf Air | Bahrain | International |
| IndiGo | Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kochi, Kolkata, Mumbai | Domestic |
| IndiGo | Dubai-International | International |
| Jet Airways | Bangalore, Dehradun, Delhi, Mumbai | Domestic |
| Jet Airways | Dammam, Doha, Muscat | International |
| Kuwait Airways | Kuwait | International |
| Maldivian | Hanimaadhoo, Malé | International |
| Malindo Air | Kuala Lumpur | International |
| Oman Air | Muscat | International |
| Qatar Airways | Doha | International |
| SilkAir | Singapore | International |
| SriLankan Airlines | Colombo | International |
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